Molecules {effector} can help RNA polymerase bind to DNA or help DNA strands separate.
Histone H1 connects DNA beads {nucleosome}. Nucleosomes have 200 bases, two H2A histones, two H2B histones, two H3 histones, two H4 histones, and other regulatory proteins.
Proteins {catabolite activator protein} (CAP) can bind to cAMP to form cAMP-CAP complexes, which bind to promoter for gene that breaks down lactose and galactose. If glucose is low, cAMP builds up.
Enzymes {modification enzyme} can methylate DNA at special sites.
Enzymes {topoisomerase} {gyrase} can affect DNA coiling and can add to or subtract from helix angle for supercoiling.
5-Chemistry-Biochemistry-Nucleic Acid
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Date Modified: 2022.0225